A gynecologist can perform routine exams and screenings, and they also diagnose and manage long-term conditions. Endometriosis is one such condition, in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. Your gynecologist matches treatment to your symptoms, age, and family plans. Here is more information on how a gynecologist treats endometriosis:
Over-the-counter Pain Relievers
Mild endometriosis pain typically responds to nonprescription medicine, so many gynecologists start here. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by blocking prostaglandins, which are chemicals that trigger cramping and inflammation. Options include ibuprofen and naproxen sodium.
If you take NSAIDs a day or two before your period starts, they may control pain more effectively. Your gynecologist will recommend a safe dose and schedule. Long-term use may irritate the stomach or affect the kidneys. These drugs ease symptoms, but they do not slow the growth of endometrial tissue.
Hormonal Therapy
Hormones drive the growth of endometrial tissue during each menstrual cycle. When a gynecologist adjusts these hormone levels, the tissue may grow more slowly. This approach often reduces pain, and it may lighten or stop periods. Since hormonal therapy prevents pregnancy, it may not suit patients who want to conceive soon. Ask about these typical hormonal options:
- Birth control pills, patches, or vaginal rings
- Progestin therapy, such as an IUD, injection, or daily pill
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists
- Aromatase inhibitors, which lower estrogen levels.
Traditional Surgery
When pain persists despite medication, a gynecologist may recommend surgery to remove endometrial tissue. Most procedures use laparoscopy, and surgeons make only a few small cuts in the abdomen. A thin camera guides the surgeon to each growth. The surgeon can also take a tissue sample to confirm the diagnosis.
Surgeons cut away or burn off the abnormal tissue. In some cases, they also remove scar tissue and cysts that attach to the ovaries or bowel. This method preserves the uterus and ovaries, so pregnancy remains possible for many patients.
While surgery relieves pain, endometriosis may return within a few years. After the surgery, many doctors prescribe hormonal therapy. Recovery from laparoscopy may take a few weeks, but larger surgeries require more time.
Total Hysterectomy
A total hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix, and some patients also have their ovaries removed. A gynecologist typically suggests a hysterectomy only when other treatments have not controlled symptoms. Your doctor will discuss several factors with you first:
- Your age and whether you plan to have children
- The severity and location of the disease
- Results from past medications or surgeries
- Possible effects of early menopause
A hysterectomy ends menstrual periods, and it makes pregnancy impossible. If the surgeon removes both ovaries, your body enters menopause right away. This change typically brings hot flashes, mood shifts, and bone loss. Endometriosis may still return after surgery if any tissue remains outside the uterus.
Visit a Gynecologist Today
Endometriosis treatment differs from one patient to the next. When you visit a gynecologist, bring notes about your pain, cycle, and past treatments. These details help your doctor recommend a suitable plan. Schedule an appointment with a gynecologist, and ask about every treatment option available to you.
